As from time immemorial so in the future the principle shall be respected “according to which each particular Church must be in accord with the universal Church not only regarding the doctrine of the faith and sacramental signs, but also as to the usages universally handed down by apostolic and unbroken tradition. These are to be maintained not only so that errors may be avoided, but also so that the faith may be passed on in its integrity, since the Church's rule of prayer (lex orandi) corresponds to her rule of belief (lex credendi).”(1)
Among Pontiffs who have displayed such care there excels the name of Saint Gregory the Great, who saw to the transmission to the new peoples of Europe both of the Catholic faith and of the treasures of worship and culture accumulated by the Romans in preceding centuries. He gave instructions for the form of the Sacred Liturgy of both the Sacrifice of the Mass and of the Divine Office as was celebrated in the City. He made the greatest efforts to foster monks and nuns, who militating under the Rule of St Benedict, in every place along with the proclamation of the Gospel by their life likewise exemplified that most salutary expression of the Rule “let nothing be given precedence over the work of God” (ch. 43). In this way the sacred liturgy according to the Roman manner made fertile not only the faith and piety but also the culture of many peoples. Moreover it is evident that the Latin Liturgy in its various forms has stimulated in the spiritual life very many Saints in every century of the Christian age and strengthened in the virtue of religion so many peoples and made fertile their piety.
However, in order that the Sacred Liturgy might more efficaciously absolve its task, several others among the Roman Pontiffs in the course of the centuries have brought to bear particular concern, among whom Saint Pius V is eminent, who with great pastoral zeal, at the exhortation of the Council of Trent, renewed the worship of the whole Church, ensuring the publishing of liturgical books amended and “restored according to the norm of the Fathers” and put them into use in the Latin Church.
It is clear that among the liturgical books of the Roman Rite the Roman Missal is eminent. It grew in the city of
“It was this same goal that as time passed the Roman Pontiffs pursued, adapting or establishing liturgical rites and books to new ages and then at the start of the present century undertaking a more ample restoration.”(2) It was in this manner that our Predecessors Clement VIII, Urban VIII, St Pius X,(3) Benedict XV, Pius XII and the Blessed John XXIII acted.
In more recent time, however, the Second Vatican Council expressed the desire that with due respect and reverence for divine worship it be restored and adapted to the needs of our age. Prompted by this desire, our Predecessor the Supreme Pontiff Paul VI in 1970 approved for the Latin Church liturgical books restored and partly renewed, and that throughout the world translated into many vernacular languages, have been welcomed by the Bishops and by the priests and faithful. John Paul II revised the third typical edition of the Roman Missal. Thus the Roman Pontiffs have acted so that “this liturgical edifice, so to speak, …might once again appear splendid in its dignity and harmony.”(4)
However in some regions not a small number of the faithful have been and remain attached with such great love and affection to the previous liturgical forms, which had profoundly imbued their culture and spirit, that the Supreme Pontiff John Paul II, prompted by pastoral concern for these faithful, in 1984 by means of a special Indult Quattuor abhinc annos, drawn up by the Congregation for Divine Worship, granted the faculty to use the Roman Missal published by John XXIII in 1962; while in 1988 John Paul II once again, by means of the Motu Proprio Ecclesia Dei, exhorted the Bishops to make wide and generous use of this faculty in favor of all the faithful requesting it.
Having pondered at length the pressing requests of these faithful to our Predecessor John Paul II, having also heard the Fathers of the Consistory of Cardinals held on 23 March 2006, having pondered all things, invoked the Holy Spirit and placed our confidence in the help of God, by this present Apostolic Letter we DECREE the following.
Art. 1. The Roman Missal
promulgated by Paul VI is to be regarded as the ordinary
expression of the law of prayer (lex orandi) of the Catholic
Church of Latin Rite, while the Roman Missal promulgated by St
Pius V and published again by Blessed John XXIII as the
extraordinary expression of the law of prayer (lex orandi) and on
account of its venerable and ancient use let it enjoy due honor.
These two expressions of the law of prayer (lex orandi) of the
Church in no way lead to a division in the law of prayer (lex
orandi) of the Church, for they are two uses of the one Roman
Rite.
Hence it is licit to celebrate the Sacrifice of the Mass in
accordance with the typical edition of the Roman Missal
promulgated by Blessed John XXIII in 1962 and never abrogated, as
the extraordinary form of the Liturgy of the Church. The
conditions laid down by the previous documents Quattuor abhinc
annos and Ecclesia Dei for the use of this Missal are replaced by
what follows:
Art. 2. In Masses celebrated
without the people, any priest of Latin rite, whether secular or
religious, can use the Roman Missal published by Pope Blessed John
XXIII in 1962 or the Roman Missal promulgated by the Supreme
Pontiff Paul VI in 1970, on any day except in the Sacred Triduum.
For celebration in accordance with one or the other Missal, a
priest does not require any permission, neither from the Apostolic
See nor his own Ordinary.
Art. 3. If Communities or
Institutes of Consecrated Life or Societies of Apostolic Life of
either pontifical or diocesan rite desire to have a celebration of
Holy Mass in accordance with the edition of the Roman Missal
promulgated in 1962 in the conventual or “community” celebration
in their own oratories, this is allowed. If an individual
community or the entire Institute or Society wants to have such
celebrations often or habitually or permanently, the matter is to
be decided by the Major Superiors according to the norm of law and
the particular laws and statutes.
Art. 4. With due observance of
law, even Christ’s faithful who spontaneously request it, may be
admitted to celebrations of Holy Mass mentioned in art. 2 above.
Art. 5 § 1. In parishes where
a group of faithful attached to the previous liturgical tradition
exists stably, let the pastor willingly accede to their requests
for the celebration of the Holy Mass according to the rite of the
Roman Missal published in 1962. Let him see to it that the good of
these faithful be harmoniously reconciled with ordinary pastoral
care of the parish, under the governance of the Bishop according
to canon 392, avoiding discord and fostering the unity of the
whole Church.
§ 2. Celebration according to the Missal of Blessed John XXIII can
take place on weekdays, while on Sundays and on feast days there
may be one such celebration.
§ 3. Let the pastor permit celebrations in this extraordinary form
for faithful or priests who request it, even in particular
circumstances such as weddings, funerals or occasional
celebrations, for example pilgrimages.
§ 4. Priests using the Missal of Blessed John XXIII must be worthy
and not impeded by law.
§ 5. In churches, which are neither parochial nor conventual, it
is the Rector of the church who grants the above-mentioned
permission.
Art. 6. In Masses celebrated
with the people according to the Missal of Blessed John XXIII, the
Art. 7. Where some group of
lay faithful, mentioned in art. 5§1 does not obtain what it
requests from the pastor, it should inform the diocesan Bishop of
the fact. The Bishop is earnestly requested to grant their desire.
If he cannot provide for this kind of celebration, let the matter
be referred to the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei.
Art. 8. A Bishop who desires
to make provision for requests of lay faithful of this kind, but
is for various reasons prevented from doing so, may refer the
matter to the Pontifical Commission “Ecclesia Dei”, which should
give him advice and help.
Art. 9, § 1. Likewise a pastor
may, all things duly considered, grant permission to use the older
ritual in administering the Sacraments of Baptism, Matrimony,
Penance and the Anointing of the Sick, as the good of souls may
suggest.
§ 2. Ordinaries are granted the faculty to celebrate the sacrament
of Confirmation using the former Roman Pontifical, as the good of
souls may suggest.
§ 3. It is lawful for clerics in holy orders to use even the Roman
Breviary promulgated by Blessed John XXIII in 1962.
Art 10. It is lawful for the
local Ordinary, if he judges it opportune, to erect a personal
parish according to the norm of canon 518 for celebrations
according to the older form of the Roman rite or appoint a rector
or chaplain, with due observance of the requirements of law.
Art. 11. The Pontifical
Commission Ecclesia Dei, erected in 1988 by John Paul II,(5)
continues to carry out its function. This Commission is to have
the form, duties and norm for action that the Roman Pontiff may
wish to assign to it.
Art. 12. The same Commission,
in addition to the faculties it already enjoys, will exercise the
authority of the Holy See by maintaining vigilance over the
observance and application of these dispositions.
Whatever is decreed by Us by means of this Motu Proprio, we order
to be firm and ratified and to be observed as of 14 September this
year, the feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, all things to
the contrary notwithstanding.
Given at
BENEDICT XVI
Footnote (1) General Instruction of the Roman Missal, third
edition, 2002, n. 397
Footnote (2) Pope John Paul II, Ap. Letter Vicesimus quintus
annus, 4 December 1988, n. 3: AAS 81 (1989) p. 899.
Footnote (3) Ibidem.
Footnote (4) Pope St Pius X, Motu Proprio Abhinc duos annos, 23
October 1913: AAS 5 (1913) 449-450; cf. Pope John Paul II, Ap.
Letter Vicesimus quintus annus, 4 December 1988, n. 3: AAS 81
(1989) p. 899.
Footnote (5) Cf. Pope John Paul II, Motu proprio Ecclesia Dei
adflicta, 2 July 1988, n. 6: AAS 80 (1988) p. 1498.
***************************
Letter of Pope Benedict XVI
Accompanying the Apostolic Letter Summorum Pontificum
My dear Brother Bishops,
With great trust and hope, I am consigning to you as Pastors the
text of a new Apostolic Letter “Motu Proprio data” on the use of
the Roman liturgy prior to the reform of 1970. The document is
the fruit of much reflection, numerous consultations and prayer.
News reports and judgments made without sufficient information
have created no little confusion. There have been very divergent
reactions ranging from joyful acceptance to harsh opposition,
about a plan whose contents were in reality unknown.
This document was most directly opposed on account of two fears,
which I would like to address somewhat more closely in this
letter.
In the first place, there is the fear that the document detracts
from the authority of the Second Vatican Council, one of whose
essential decisions – the liturgical reform – is being called into
question.
This fear is unfounded. In this regard, it must first be said
that the Missal published by Paul VI and then republished in two
subsequent editions by John Paul II, obviously is and continues to
be the normal Form – the Forma ordinaria – of the Eucharistic
Liturgy. The last version of the Missale Romanum prior to the
Council, which was published with the authority of Pope John XXIII
in 1962 and used during the Council, will now be able to be used
as a Forma extraordinaria of the liturgical celebration. It is
not appropriate to speak of these two versions of the Roman Missal
as if they were “two Rites”. Rather, it is a matter of a twofold
use of one and the same rite.
As for the use of the 1962 Missale as a Forma extraordinaria of
the liturgy of the Mass, I would like to draw attention to the
fact that this Missal was never juridically abrogated and,
consequently, in principle, was always permitted. At the time of
the introduction of the new Missal, it did not seem necessary to
issue specific norms for the possible use of the earlier Missal.
Probably it was thought that it would be a matter of a few
individual cases which would be resolved, case by case, on the
local level. Afterwards, however, it soon became apparent that a
good number of people remained strongly attached to this usage of
the Roman Rite, which had been familiar to them from childhood.
This was especially the case in countries where the liturgical
movement had provided many people with a notable liturgical
formation and a deep, personal familiarity with the earlier Form
of the liturgical celebration. We all know that, in the movement
led by Archbishop Lefebvre, fidelity to the old Missal became an
external mark of identity; the reasons for the break, which arose
over this, however, were at a deeper level. Many people who
clearly accepted the binding character of the Second Vatican
Council, and were faithful to the Pope and the Bishops,
nonetheless also desired to recover the form of the sacred liturgy
that was dear to them. This occurred above all because in many
places celebrations were not faithful to the prescriptions of the
new Missal, but the latter actually was understood as authorizing
or even requiring creativity, which frequently led to deformations
of the liturgy which were hard to bear. I am speaking from
experience, since I too lived through that period with all its
hopes and its confusion. And I have seen how arbitrary
deformations of the liturgy caused deep pain to individuals
totally rooted in the faith of the Church.
Pope John Paul II thus felt obliged to provide, in his Motu
Proprio Ecclesia Dei (2 July 1988), guidelines for the use of the
1962 Missal; that document, however, did not contain detailed
prescriptions but appealed in a general way to the generous
response of Bishops towards the “legitimate aspirations” of those
members of the faithful who requested this usage of the Roman
Rite. At the time, the Pope primarily wanted to assist the
Society of Saint Pius X to recover full unity with the Successor
of Peter, and sought to heal a wound experienced ever more
painfully. Unfortunately this reconciliation has not yet come
about. Nonetheless, a number of communities have gratefully made
use of the possibilities provided by the Motu Proprio. On the
other hand, difficulties remain concerning the use of the 1962
Missal outside of these groups, because of the lack of precise
juridical norms, particularly because Bishops, in such cases,
frequently feared that the authority of the Council would be
called into question. Immediately after the Second Vatican
Council it was presumed that requests for the use of the 1962
Missal would be limited to the older generation which had grown up
with it, but in the meantime it has clearly been demonstrated that
young persons too have discovered this liturgical form, felt its
attraction and found in it a form of encounter with the Mystery of
the Most Holy Eucharist, particularly suited to them. Thus the
need has arisen for a clearer juridical regulation which had not
been foreseen at the time of the 1988 Motu Proprio. The present
Norms are also meant to free Bishops from constantly having to
evaluate anew how they are to respond to various situations.
In the second place, the fear was expressed in discussions about
the awaited Motu Proprio, that the possibility of a wider use of
the 1962 Missal would lead to disarray or even divisions within
parish communities. This fear also strikes me as quite
unfounded. The use of the old Missal presupposes a certain degree
of liturgical formation and some knowledge of the Latin language;
neither of these is found very often. Already from these concrete
presuppositions, It is clearly seen that the new Missal will
certainly remain the ordinary Form of the Roman Rite, not only on
account of the juridical norms, but also because of the actual
situation of the communities of the faithful.
It is true that there have been exaggerations and at times social
aspects unduly linked to the attitude of the faithful attached to
the ancient Latin liturgical tradition. Your charity and pastoral
prudence will be an incentive and guide for improving these. For
that matter, the two Forms of the usage of the Roman Rite can be
mutually enriching: new Saints and some of the new Prefaces can
and should be inserted in the old Missal. The “Ecclesia Dei”
Commission, in contact with various bodies devoted to the usus
antiquior, will study the practical possibilities in this regard.
The celebration of the Mass according to the Missal of Paul VI
will be able to demonstrate, more powerfully than has been the
case hitherto, the sacrality which attracts many people to the
former usage. The most sure guarantee that the Missal of Paul VI
can unite parish communities and be loved by them consists in its
being celebrated with great reverence in harmony with the
liturgical directives. This will bring out the spiritual richness
and the theological depth of this Missal.
I now come to the positive reason which motivated my decision to
issue this Motu Proprio updating that of 1988. It is a matter of
coming to an interior reconciliation in the heart of the Church.
Looking back over the past, to the divisions which in the course
of the centuries have rent the Body of Christ, one continually has
the impression that, at critical moments when divisions were
coming about, not enough was done by the Church’s leaders to
maintain or regain reconciliation and unity. One has the
impression that omissions on the part of the Church have had their
share of blame for the fact that these divisions were able to
harden. This glance at the past imposes an obligation on us
today: to make every effort to make it possible for all those who
truly desire unity to remain in that unity or to attain it anew.
I think of a sentence in the Second Letter to the Corinthians,
where Paul writes: “Our mouth is open to you, Corinthians; our
heart is wide. You are not restricted by us, but you are
restricted in your own affections. In return … widen your hearts
also!” (2 Cor 6:11-13). Paul was certainly speaking in another
context, but his exhortation can and must touch us too, precisely
on this subject. Let us generously open our hearts and make room
for everything that the faith itself allows.
There is no contradiction between the two editions of the Roman
Missal. In the history of the liturgy there is growth and
progress, but no rupture. What earlier generations held as
sacred, remains sacred and great for us too, and it cannot be all
of a sudden entirely forbidden or even considered harmful. It
behooves all of us to preserve the riches which have developed in
the Church’s faith and prayer, and to give them their proper
place. Needless to say, in order to experience full communion,
also the priests of the communities adhering to the former usage
cannot, as a matter of principle, exclude celebrating according to
the new books. The total exclusion of the new rite would not in
fact be consistent with the recognition of its value and holiness.
In conclusion, dear Brothers, I very much wish to stress that
these new norms do not in any way lessen your own authority and
responsibility, either for the liturgy or for the pastoral care of
your faithful. Each Bishop, in fact, is the moderator of the
liturgy in his own Diocese (cf. Sacrosanctum Concilium, 22:
“Sacrae Liturgiae moderatio ab Ecclesiae auctoritate unice pendet
quae quidem est apud Apostolicam Sedem et, ad normam iuris, apud
Episcopum”).
Nothing is taken away, then, from the authority of the Bishop,
whose role remains that of being watchful that all is done in
peace and serenity. Should some problem arise which the parish
priest cannot resolve, the local Ordinary will always be able to
intervene, in full harmony, however, with all that has been laid
down by the new norms of the Motu Proprio.
Furthermore, I invite you, dear Brothers, to send to the Holy See
an account of your experiences, three years after this Motu
Proprio has taken effect. If truly serious difficulties come to
light, ways to remedy them can be sought.
Dear Brothers, with gratitude and trust, I entrust to your hearts
as Pastors these pages and the norms of the Motu Proprio. Let us
always be mindful of the words of the Apostle Paul addressed to
the presbyters of Ephesis: “Take heed to yourselves and to all the
flock, in which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, to care
for the Church of God which he obtained with the blood of his own
Son” (Acts 20:28).
I entrust these norms to the powerful intercession of Mary, Mother
of the Church, and I cordially impart my Apostolic Blessing to
you, dear Brothers, to the parish priests of your dioceses, and to
all the priests, your co-workers, as well as to all your faithful.
Given at Saint Peter’s, 7 July 2007.